Understanding the Role of Bridges and Keep-Going Signals in Dog Training
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Training dogs is an art and a science. Whether your goal is to nurture a detection champion, a loyal patrol dog, a wildlife detection partner, a service animal, or simply a well-behaved companion, the foundation of success lies in clear communication. Two of the most crucial tools in this communication are the bridge and the keep-going signal (KGS). Yet, these tools are often misunderstood or misused, leading to confusion for the dog and frustration for the trainer.
In this blog, we’ll explore the differences between these essential signals, their scientific foundations, and how understanding their proper use can elevate your training to new heights.
What Is a Bridge Signal?
A bridge signal serves as a conditioned reinforcer, a cue given immediately before a reward to “bridge” the gap between the desired behavior and the reward itself. This signal tells the dog, “Yes, you’ve done the right thing, and a reward is on its way.”
For instance, a clicker, a whistle, a specific hand signal, or even a light cue can serve as a bridge. The key is that the signal is:
• Consistent: It must always mean the same thing.
• Immediate: Delivered precisely at the moment of the desired behavior.
• Perceptible: Tailored to the dog’s abilities (e.g., a visual cue for a deaf dog).
By using a bridge signal, trainers can reinforce behaviors with pinpoint accuracy, helping dogs learn faster and more reliably.
What Is a Keep-Going Signal (KGS)?
A KGS, on the other hand, is a cue that encourages a dog to continue performing a desired behavior. It tells the dog, “You’re on the right track, keep going.” Unlike a bridge, a KGS does not signal the imminent arrival of a reward; instead, it serves as a form of continuous feedback during the behavior.
Examples of KGS include:
• Verbal cues like “Good job!” or “Keep it up!”
• Repeating verbal commands like “Sit-sit-sit.”
• Physical cues such as leash tension or gentle petting.
• Visual signals like a laser pointer or body movements.
A KGS is especially useful for behaviors that take time or require sustained focus, such as detection work, tracking, or holding a position.
Why Understanding the Difference Matters
While the bridge and KGS serve distinct purposes, they are often confused or misapplied. For example, some trainers inadvertently use a leash pull intended as a KGS but label it as a bridge. This can confuse the dog and undermine the training process.
The distinction is critical because:
• A bridge signals that a reward is coming and marks the completion of the desired behavior.
• A KGS provides feedback during the behavior, encouraging the dog to maintain or refine its actions.
The Science Behind These Signals
The use of bridge and keep-going signals is rooted in operant conditioning, a training framework that has been rigorously studied and applied for decades. Notably, pioneers like Marian and Bob Bailey, Keller and Marian Breland, and others brought these techniques from laboratory research into practical animal training.
The Brelands introduced the clicker as a bridge signal in the mid-20th century, while their work with keep-going signals emerged during their Animal Behavior Enterprises (ABE) ventures. For example, in their IQ Zoo shows, background music served as a KGS for performing animals, signaling them to continue their behavior until a bridge signaled a reward.
This scientific foundation reminds us that these techniques are not new; what varies is how trainers apply and adapt them in different contexts.
Challenges and Missteps in Training
Dog trainers sometimes alter scientific definitions, either to innovate or to adapt techniques for specific needs. While creativity can drive progress, it also risks diluting or misrepresenting core concepts.
For instance, redefining a KGS or bridge can:
• Create confusion among trainers and dog owners.
• Lead to inconsistent training practices.
• Undermine the welfare and learning process of the dog.
To avoid these pitfalls, trainers should prioritize understanding the original definitions and applications of these tools.
How to Use Bridges and KGS Effectively
1. Choose Clear Signals
Whether it’s a clicker, a whistle, or a hand gesture, ensure your bridge signal is clear and distinct. Similarly, select a KGS that the dog can easily perceive and associate with ongoing feedback.
2. Maintain Consistency
Use the same signal every time for both bridges and KGS. This consistency helps dogs build a reliable association between the cue and its meaning.
3. Time It Right
Timing is everything. A bridge should occur at the exact moment of the desired behavior, while a KGS should provide feedback throughout the behavior.
4. Tailor to the Dog
Every dog is unique. Consider factors like energy level, personality, and sensory abilities when designing your training protocols.
5. Combine Signals Thoughtfully
Bridges and KGS can work in tandem. For example, a KGS can sustain a behavior until a bridge marks its completion, followed by a reward.
The Role of Data and Innovation
In my work, I’ve had the privilege of designing protocols like laser- and radio-directional systems for training dogs. These systems rely heavily on precise use of bridges and KGS, combined with careful data collection and analysis.
For example, when training dogs to follow directional cues using a laser pointer, the laser itself can serve as a KGS, while a clicker marks the successful completion of the task. This combination allows for nuanced and robust training outcomes.
Tips for Advanced Training
1. Push for Incremental Progress
Design protocols that challenge the dog to slightly extend or refine their behavior each time.
2. Watch Body Language
Dogs communicate through their posture, expressions, and movements. Pay attention to signs of confusion or frustration, and adjust your approach as needed.
3. Adapt to Setbacks
If a dog struggles, pause and reassess. Sometimes a break or a different approach can reset the learning process.
4. Build Resilience with KGS
KGS can help dogs stay focused and motivated, even in the face of distractions.
Why This Matters for You and Your Dog
Understanding and correctly applying bridges and KGS can transform your training, whether you’re working with a pet or a professional working dog. These tools:
• Foster clearer communication.
• Reduce frustration for both trainer and dog.
• Enhance learning efficiency.
• Build stronger bonds between you and your dog.
A Final Note: Learn from the Pioneers
As I often share in my workshops, there is no “Simon Prins method.” My approach is built on the foundations laid by pioneers like the Baileys and the Brelands. Their work reminds us that innovation is valuable, but it must be grounded in proven science and respect for the dog’s needs.
So the next time you train, ask yourself: Am I using a bridge? A KGS? Or something else entirely? Seek to understand these tools deeply, and you’ll unlock new levels of potential in your dog’s performance.
Your Turn
Have you used bridges or KGS in your training? What challenges or successes have you encountered? Share your thoughts in the comments below—we’re all here to learn and grow together. Let’s train with intention, clarity, and compassion.